{
 "topic": "senate",
 "site": "electiondata.dev",
 "place": {
  "id": "us-va",
  "name": "Virginia",
  "level": "us-state",
  "parent": "usa",
  "path": "us/va",
  "slug": "va",
  "state": "va",
  "state_name": "Virginia",
  "state_id": "us-va"
 },
 "question": "How did Virginia vote for the Senate?",
 "answer": {
  "verdict": "Timothy M. Kaine (Democrat) won by 8.9 points",
  "value": 8.9,
  "unit": " pts",
  "digits": 1,
  "label": "Senate, 2024: winner's margin",
  "lines": [
   "Timothy M. Kaine (Democrat) 54.4%, Hung Cao (Republican) 45.4%",
   "4,445,535 votes for Senate candidates"
  ]
 },
 "as_of": "2024",
 "as_of_label": "2024",
 "charts": [
  {
   "id": "senate-margin",
   "title": "Every regular Senate election in Virginia since 1976",
   "description": "17 regular elections; Democrats were ahead in 10 and Republicans in 7.",
   "indicator": "Democratic candidate's share of Senate votes minus the Republican's, points (regular elections; special elections are in the table)",
   "subtitle": "Democratic share minus Republican share, in points. Above the line: the Democrat got more votes.",
   "x": {
    "kind": "year"
   },
   "y": {
    "digits": 1,
    "unit": " pts",
    "format": "party-margin"
   },
   "layers": [
    {
     "type": "bars",
     "name": "Margin",
     "base": 0,
     "points": [
      [
       1976,
       38.267,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       1978,
       -0.386,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       1982,
       -2.383,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       1984,
       -40.102,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       1988,
       42.556,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       1990,
       -80.907,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       1994,
       2.729,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       1996,
       -5.086,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       2000,
       -4.575,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       2002,
       -82.575,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       2006,
       0.393,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2008,
       31.304,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2012,
       5.905,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2014,
       0.812,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2018,
       15.996,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2020,
       12.084,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2024,
       8.935,
       "dem"
      ]
     ],
     "legend": [
      {
       "label": "Democrat ahead",
       "cls": "dem"
      },
      {
       "label": "Republican ahead",
       "cls": "rep"
      }
     ]
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "limits": [
  "Statewide totals say nothing about who voted or why.",
  "Candidates with a party's support under another name (Minnesota's DFL, New York's fusion lines) are counted with that party, as the MIT data's simplified party does; independents stay independents."
 ],
 "method": "Each candidate's votes are summed over every ballot line; blank, over- and under-votes are left out. The margin is the winner's share of the votes minus the runner-up's. A runoff, where held, is the result.",
 "sources": [
  {
   "name": "electiondata.dev senate-results, version 2026-10-25.247421eda6",
   "url": "https://electiondata.dev/",
   "license": "CC0 1.0"
  },
  {
   "name": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab, U.S. Senate statewide 1976-2024",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/PEJ5QU",
   "license": "CC0 1.0"
  }
 ],
 "check": {
  "races": [
   {
    "year": 1976,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 1557500,
    "votes": {
     "Harry F. Byrd Jr.": 890778,
     "E. R. (bud) Zumwalt": 596009,
     "Martin H. Perper": 70559
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1978,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 1222256,
    "votes": {
     "John William Warner": 613232,
     "Andrew P. Miller": 608511
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1982,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 1415622,
    "votes": {
     "Paul S. Trible Jr.": 724571,
     "Richard J. (dick) Davis": 690839
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1984,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 2007487,
    "votes": {
     "John W. Warner": 1406194,
     "Edythe C. \"edie\" Harrison": 601142
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1988,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 2068897,
    "votes": {
     "Charles S. Robb": 1474086,
     "Maurice A. Dawkins": 593652
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1990,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 1083690,
    "votes": {
     "John Warner": 876782,
     "Nancy B. Spannaus": 196755
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1994,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 2057463,
    "votes": {
     "Charles S. Robb": 938376,
     "Oliver L. \"ollie\" North": 882213,
     "J. Marshall Coleman": 235324,
     "L. Douglas Wilder": 113
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1996,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 2354715,
    "votes": {
     "John W. Warner": 1235744,
     "Mark R. Warner": 1115982
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2000,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 2718301,
    "votes": {
     "George F. Allen": 1420460,
     "Charles S. Robb": 1296093
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2002,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 1489422,
    "votes": {
     "John W. Warner": 1229894,
     "Nancy B. Spannaus": 145102,
     "Jacob G. Hornberger Jr.": 106055
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2006,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 2370445,
    "votes": {
     "James H. \"jim\" Webb Jr.": 1175606,
     "George Allen": 1166277,
     "Glenda Gail Parker": 26102
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2008,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 3643294,
    "votes": {
     "Mark R. Warner": 2369327,
     "James S. \"jim\" Gilmore Iii": 1228830,
     "Glenda Gail Parker": 21690,
     "William B. Redpath": 20269
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2012,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 3802196,
    "votes": {
     "Timothy M. Kaine": 2010067,
     "George F. Allen": 1785542
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2014,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 2184473,
    "votes": {
     "Mark R. Warner": 1073667,
     "Ed. W. Gillespie": 1055940,
     "Robert C. Sarvis": 53102
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2018,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 3351373,
    "votes": {
     "Timothy M. Kaine": 1910370,
     "Corey A. Stewart": 1374313,
     "Matt J. Waters": 61565
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2020,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 4405087,
    "votes": {
     "Mark R. Warner": 2466500,
     "Daniel M. Gade": 1934199
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2024,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 4445535,
    "votes": {
     "Timothy M. Kaine": 2417115,
     "Hung Cao": 2019911
    }
   }
  ],
  "dataset": "senate-results",
  "version": "2026-10-25.247421eda6"
 },
 "table": {
  "title": "Every Senate race since 1976",
  "columns": [
   "Race",
   "Winner",
   "Runner-up",
   "Margin",
   "Votes"
  ],
  "num": [
   3,
   4
  ],
  "rows": [
   [
    "2024",
    "Timothy M. Kaine (D) 54.4%",
    "Hung Cao (R) 45.4%",
    "8.9 pts",
    "4,445,535"
   ],
   [
    "2020",
    "Mark R. Warner (D) 56.0%",
    "Daniel M. Gade (R) 43.9%",
    "12.1 pts",
    "4,405,087"
   ],
   [
    "2018",
    "Timothy M. Kaine (D) 57.0%",
    "Corey A. Stewart (R) 41.0%",
    "16.0 pts",
    "3,351,373"
   ],
   [
    "2014",
    "Mark R. Warner (D) 49.1%",
    "Ed. W. Gillespie (R) 48.3%",
    "0.8 pts",
    "2,184,473"
   ],
   [
    "2012",
    "Timothy M. Kaine (D) 52.9%",
    "George F. Allen (R) 47.0%",
    "5.9 pts",
    "3,802,196"
   ],
   [
    "2008",
    "Mark R. Warner (D) 65.0%",
    "James S. \"jim\" Gilmore Iii (R) 33.7%",
    "31.3 pts",
    "3,643,294"
   ],
   [
    "2006",
    "James H. \"jim\" Webb Jr. (D) 49.6%",
    "George Allen (R) 49.2%",
    "0.4 pts",
    "2,370,445"
   ],
   [
    "2002",
    "John W. Warner (R) 82.6%",
    "Nancy B. Spannaus (I) 9.7%",
    "72.8 pts",
    "1,489,422"
   ],
   [
    "2000",
    "George F. Allen (R) 52.3%",
    "Charles S. Robb (D) 47.7%",
    "4.6 pts",
    "2,718,301"
   ],
   [
    "1996",
    "John W. Warner (R) 52.5%",
    "Mark R. Warner (D) 47.4%",
    "5.1 pts",
    "2,354,715"
   ],
   [
    "1994",
    "Charles S. Robb (D) 45.6%",
    "Oliver L. \"ollie\" North (R) 42.9%",
    "2.7 pts",
    "2,057,463"
   ],
   [
    "1990",
    "John Warner (R) 80.9%",
    "Nancy B. Spannaus (I) 18.2%",
    "62.8 pts",
    "1,083,690"
   ],
   [
    "1988",
    "Charles S. Robb (D) 71.2%",
    "Maurice A. Dawkins (R) 28.7%",
    "42.6 pts",
    "2,068,897"
   ],
   [
    "1984",
    "John W. Warner (R) 70.0%",
    "Edythe C. \"edie\" Harrison (D) 29.9%",
    "40.1 pts",
    "2,007,487"
   ],
   [
    "1982",
    "Paul S. Trible Jr. (R) 51.2%",
    "Richard J. (dick) Davis (D) 48.8%",
    "2.4 pts",
    "1,415,622"
   ],
   [
    "1978",
    "John William Warner (R) 50.2%",
    "Andrew P. Miller (D) 49.8%",
    "0.4 pts",
    "1,222,256"
   ],
   [
    "1976",
    "Harry F. Byrd Jr. (I) 57.2%",
    "E. R. (bud) Zumwalt (D) 38.3%",
    "18.9 pts",
    "1,557,500"
   ]
  ]
 },
 "api": {
  "now": "/data/places/us-va/senate.json",
  "source": "https://api.electiondata.dev/v1/senate-results/download/senate-results.csv",
  "source_label": "Every Senate race, every state, from electiondata.dev (live, no key)"
 },
 "generated_at": "2026-10-26T20:05:12+00:00"
}