{
 "topic": "senate",
 "site": "electiondata.dev",
 "place": {
  "id": "us-pa",
  "name": "Pennsylvania",
  "level": "us-state",
  "parent": "usa",
  "path": "us/pa",
  "slug": "pa",
  "state": "pa",
  "state_name": "Pennsylvania",
  "state_id": "us-pa"
 },
 "question": "How did Pennsylvania vote for the Senate?",
 "answer": {
  "verdict": "Dave Mccormick (Republican) won by 0.2 points",
  "value": 0.2,
  "unit": " pts",
  "digits": 1,
  "label": "Senate, 2024: winner's margin",
  "lines": [
   "Dave Mccormick (Republican) 48.8%, Robert P. Casey Jr (Democrat) 48.6%, John C. Thomas (Libertarian) 1.3%",
   "6,963,137 votes for Senate candidates"
  ]
 },
 "as_of": "2024",
 "as_of_label": "2024",
 "charts": [
  {
   "id": "senate-margin",
   "title": "Every regular Senate election in Pennsylvania since 1976",
   "description": "17 regular elections; Democrats were ahead in 4 and Republicans in 13.",
   "indicator": "Democratic candidate's share of Senate votes minus the Republican's, points (regular elections; special elections are in the table)",
   "subtitle": "Democratic share minus Republican share, in points. Above the line: the Democrat got more votes.",
   "x": {
    "kind": "year"
   },
   "y": {
    "digits": 1,
    "unit": " pts",
    "format": "party-margin"
   },
   "layers": [
    {
     "type": "bars",
     "name": "Margin",
     "base": 0,
     "points": [
      [
       1976,
       -5.607,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       1980,
       -2.445,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       1982,
       -20.073,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       1986,
       -13.567,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       1988,
       -34.008,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       1992,
       -2.773,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       1994,
       -2.483,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       1998,
       -26.555,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       2000,
       -6.907,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       2004,
       -10.631,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       2006,
       17.354,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2010,
       -2.016,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       2012,
       9.102,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2016,
       -1.433,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       2018,
       12.87,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2022,
       4.913,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2024,
       -0.217,
       "rep"
      ]
     ],
     "legend": [
      {
       "label": "Democrat ahead",
       "cls": "dem"
      },
      {
       "label": "Republican ahead",
       "cls": "rep"
      }
     ]
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "limits": [
  "Statewide totals say nothing about who voted or why.",
  "Candidates with a party's support under another name (Minnesota's DFL, New York's fusion lines) are counted with that party, as the MIT data's simplified party does; independents stay independents."
 ],
 "method": "Each candidate's votes are summed over every ballot line; blank, over- and under-votes are left out. The margin is the winner's share of the votes minus the runner-up's. A runoff, where held, is the result.",
 "sources": [
  {
   "name": "electiondata.dev senate-results, version 2026-10-25.247421eda6",
   "url": "https://electiondata.dev/",
   "license": "CC0 1.0"
  },
  {
   "name": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab, U.S. Senate statewide 1976-2024",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/PEJ5QU",
   "license": "CC0 1.0"
  }
 ],
 "check": {
  "races": [
   {
    "year": 1976,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 4546353,
    "votes": {
     "H. John Heinz Iii": 2381891,
     "William J. Green": 2126977,
     "Andrew J. Watson": 26028,
     "Frederick W. Stanton": 5484,
     "Bernard Salera": 3637,
     "Frank Kinces": 2097
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1980,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 4418042,
    "votes": {
     "Arlen Specter": 2230404,
     "Pete Flaherty": 2122391,
     "Linda Mohrbacher": 27229,
     "David K. Walter": 18595,
     "Lee Frissell": 16089,
     "Frank Kinces": 3334
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1982,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 3604108,
    "votes": {
     "John Heinz": 2136418,
     "Cyril H. Wecht": 1412965,
     "Barbara I. Karkutt": 19244,
     "Kipp Miriam Dawson": 18951,
     "Liane Norman": 16530
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1986,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 3378226,
    "votes": {
     "Arlen Specter": 1906537,
     "Bob Edgar": 1448219,
     "Lance S. Haver": 23470
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1988,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 4366598,
    "votes": {
     "John Heinz": 2901715,
     "Joe Vignola": 1416764,
     "Darcy Richardson": 25273,
     "Henry Haller Iii": 11822,
     "Samuel Cross Jr.": 6455,
     "Sam Blancato": 4569
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1992,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 4802410,
    "votes": {
     "Arlen Specter": 2358125,
     "Lynn Yeakel": 2224966,
     "John F. Perry Iii": 219319
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1994,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 3513361,
    "votes": {
     "Rick Santorum": 1735691,
     "Harris Wofford": 1648481,
     "Diane Blough": 69825,
     "Donald C. Ernsberger": 59115
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1998,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 2957499,
    "votes": {
     "Arlen Specter": 1814180,
     "Bill Lloyd": 1028839,
     "Dean Snyder": 68377,
     "Jack Iannantuono": 46103
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2000,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 4735116,
    "votes": {
     "Rick Santorum": 2481962,
     "Ron Klink": 2154908,
     "John J. Featherman": 45775,
     "Lester B. Searer": 28382,
     "Robert E. Domske": 24089
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2004,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 5559105,
    "votes": {
     "Arlen Specter": 2925080,
     "Joseph M. Hoeffel": 2334126,
     "James N. Clymer": 220056,
     "Betsy Summer": 79263
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2006,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 4081043,
    "votes": {
     "Bob Casey Jr.": 2392984,
     "Rick Santorum": 1684778
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2010,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 3977661,
    "votes": {
     "Pat Toomey": 2028945,
     "Joe Sestak": 1948716
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2012,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 5627422,
    "votes": {
     "Robert P. Casey Jr.": 3021364,
     "Tom Smith": 2509132,
     "Rayburn Douglas Smith": 96926
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2016,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 6051856,
    "votes": {
     "Patrick J. Toomey": 2951702,
     "Katie Mcginty": 2865012,
     "Edward T. Clifford Iii": 235142
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2018,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 4994643,
    "votes": {
     "Robert P. Casey Jr": 2777680,
     "Louis J. Barletta": 2134848,
     "Dale R. Kerns Jr": 50907,
     "Neal Taylor Gale": 31208
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2022,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 5368021,
    "votes": {
     "John K. Fetterman": 2751012,
     "Mehmet C. Oz": 2487260,
     "Erik Gerhardt": 72887,
     "Richard L. Weiss": 30434,
     "Daniel Wassmer": 26428
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2024,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 6963137,
    "votes": {
     "Dave Mccormick": 3399295,
     "Robert P. Casey Jr": 3384180,
     "John C. Thomas": 89653,
     "Leila Hazou": 66388,
     "Marty Selker": 23621
    }
   }
  ],
  "dataset": "senate-results",
  "version": "2026-10-25.247421eda6"
 },
 "table": {
  "title": "Every Senate race since 1976",
  "columns": [
   "Race",
   "Winner",
   "Runner-up",
   "Margin",
   "Votes"
  ],
  "num": [
   3,
   4
  ],
  "rows": [
   [
    "2024",
    "Dave Mccormick (R) 48.8%",
    "Robert P. Casey Jr (D) 48.6%",
    "0.2 pts",
    "6,963,137"
   ],
   [
    "2022",
    "John K. Fetterman (D) 51.2%",
    "Mehmet C. Oz (R) 46.3%",
    "4.9 pts",
    "5,368,021"
   ],
   [
    "2018",
    "Robert P. Casey Jr (D) 55.6%",
    "Louis J. Barletta (R) 42.7%",
    "12.9 pts",
    "4,994,643"
   ],
   [
    "2016",
    "Patrick J. Toomey (R) 48.8%",
    "Katie Mcginty (D) 47.3%",
    "1.4 pts",
    "6,051,856"
   ],
   [
    "2012",
    "Robert P. Casey Jr. (D) 53.7%",
    "Tom Smith (R) 44.6%",
    "9.1 pts",
    "5,627,422"
   ],
   [
    "2010",
    "Pat Toomey (R) 51.0%",
    "Joe Sestak (D) 49.0%",
    "2.0 pts",
    "3,977,661"
   ],
   [
    "2006",
    "Bob Casey Jr. (D) 58.6%",
    "Rick Santorum (R) 41.3%",
    "17.4 pts",
    "4,081,043"
   ],
   [
    "2004",
    "Arlen Specter (R) 52.6%",
    "Joseph M. Hoeffel (D) 42.0%",
    "10.6 pts",
    "5,559,105"
   ],
   [
    "2000",
    "Rick Santorum (R) 52.4%",
    "Ron Klink (D) 45.5%",
    "6.9 pts",
    "4,735,116"
   ],
   [
    "1998",
    "Arlen Specter (R) 61.3%",
    "Bill Lloyd (D) 34.8%",
    "26.6 pts",
    "2,957,499"
   ],
   [
    "1994",
    "Rick Santorum (R) 49.4%",
    "Harris Wofford (D) 46.9%",
    "2.5 pts",
    "3,513,361"
   ],
   [
    "1992",
    "Arlen Specter (R) 49.1%",
    "Lynn Yeakel (D) 46.3%",
    "2.8 pts",
    "4,802,410"
   ],
   [
    "1988",
    "John Heinz (R) 66.5%",
    "Joe Vignola (D) 32.4%",
    "34.0 pts",
    "4,366,598"
   ],
   [
    "1986",
    "Arlen Specter (R) 56.4%",
    "Bob Edgar (D) 42.9%",
    "13.6 pts",
    "3,378,226"
   ],
   [
    "1982",
    "John Heinz (R) 59.3%",
    "Cyril H. Wecht (D) 39.2%",
    "20.1 pts",
    "3,604,108"
   ],
   [
    "1980",
    "Arlen Specter (R) 50.5%",
    "Pete Flaherty (D) 48.0%",
    "2.4 pts",
    "4,418,042"
   ],
   [
    "1976",
    "H. John Heinz Iii (R) 52.4%",
    "William J. Green (D) 46.8%",
    "5.6 pts",
    "4,546,353"
   ]
  ]
 },
 "api": {
  "now": "/data/places/us-pa/senate.json",
  "source": "https://api.electiondata.dev/v1/senate-results/download/senate-results.csv",
  "source_label": "Every Senate race, every state, from electiondata.dev (live, no key)"
 },
 "generated_at": "2026-10-26T20:05:12+00:00"
}