{
 "topic": "senate",
 "site": "electiondata.dev",
 "place": {
  "id": "us-mi",
  "name": "Michigan",
  "level": "us-state",
  "parent": "usa",
  "path": "us/mi",
  "slug": "mi",
  "state": "mi",
  "state_name": "Michigan",
  "state_id": "us-mi"
 },
 "question": "How did Michigan vote for the Senate?",
 "answer": {
  "verdict": "Elissa Slotkin (Democrat) won by 0.3 points",
  "value": 0.3,
  "unit": " pts",
  "digits": 1,
  "label": "Senate, 2024: winner's margin",
  "lines": [
   "Elissa Slotkin (Democrat) 48.6%, Mike Rogers (Republican) 48.3%, Joseph Solis-mullen (Libertarian) 1.0%",
   "5,577,187 votes for Senate candidates"
  ]
 },
 "as_of": "2024",
 "as_of_label": "2024",
 "charts": [
  {
   "id": "senate-margin",
   "title": "Every regular Senate election in Michigan since 1976",
   "description": "17 regular elections; Democrats were ahead in 16 and Republicans in 1.",
   "indicator": "Democratic candidate's share of Senate votes minus the Republican's, points (regular elections; special elections are in the table)",
   "subtitle": "Democratic share minus Republican share, in points. Above the line: the Democrat got more votes.",
   "x": {
    "kind": "year"
   },
   "y": {
    "digits": 1,
    "unit": " pts",
    "format": "party-margin"
   },
   "layers": [
    {
     "type": "bars",
     "name": "Margin",
     "base": 0,
     "points": [
      [
       1976,
       5.614,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       1978,
       4.287,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       1982,
       16.882,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       1984,
       4.608,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       1988,
       21.924,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       1990,
       16.249,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       1994,
       -9.128,
       "rep"
      ],
      [
       1996,
       18.488,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2000,
       1.614,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2002,
       22.724,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2006,
       15.652,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2008,
       28.819,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2012,
       20.814,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2014,
       13.285,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2018,
       6.506,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2020,
       1.685,
       "dem"
      ],
      [
       2024,
       0.341,
       "dem"
      ]
     ],
     "legend": [
      {
       "label": "Democrat ahead",
       "cls": "dem"
      },
      {
       "label": "Republican ahead",
       "cls": "rep"
      }
     ]
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "limits": [
  "Statewide totals say nothing about who voted or why.",
  "Candidates with a party's support under another name (Minnesota's DFL, New York's fusion lines) are counted with that party, as the MIT data's simplified party does; independents stay independents."
 ],
 "method": "Each candidate's votes are summed over every ballot line; blank, over- and under-votes are left out. The margin is the winner's share of the votes minus the runner-up's. A runoff, where held, is the result.",
 "sources": [
  {
   "name": "electiondata.dev senate-results, version 2026-10-25.247421eda6",
   "url": "https://electiondata.dev/",
   "license": "CC0 1.0"
  },
  {
   "name": "MIT Election Data and Science Lab, U.S. Senate statewide 1976-2024",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/PEJ5QU",
   "license": "CC0 1.0"
  }
 ],
 "check": {
  "races": [
   {
    "year": 1976,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 3490412,
    "votes": {
     "Donald W. Riegle Jr.": 1831031,
     "Marvin L. Esch": 1635087,
     "Bette Jane Erwin": 8842,
     "Theodore G. Albert": 7281,
     "Paula L. Reimers": 3399,
     "Frank Girard": 2554,
     "Peter A. Signorelli": 2218
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1978,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 2846630,
    "votes": {
     "Carl Levin": 1484193,
     "Robert P. Griffin": 1362165
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1982,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 2994334,
    "votes": {
     "Donald W. Riegle Jr.": 1728793,
     "Philip E. Ruppe": 1223288,
     "Bette Erwin": 19131,
     "Daniel Eller": 12660,
     "Helen Halyard": 6085,
     "Steve Beumer": 4335
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1984,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 3700938,
    "votes": {
     "Carl Levin": 1915831,
     "Jack Lousma": 1745302,
     "Arthur Richard Tisch": 22882,
     "Lynn Johnston": 7786,
     "Helen Meyers": 2686,
     "William Roundtree": 2279,
     "Max Dean": 2135,
     "Samuel L. Webb": 1196,
     "Fred Mazelis": 818
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1988,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 3505985,
    "votes": {
     "Donald W. Riegle Jr.": 2116865,
     "Jim Dunn": 1348219,
     "Dick M. Jacobs": 27116,
     "Sally Bier": 8908
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1990,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 2560494,
    "votes": {
     "Carl Levin": 1471753,
     "Bill Schuette": 1055695,
     "Susan Farquhar": 32796
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1994,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 3043385,
    "votes": {
     "Spencer Abraham": 1578770,
     "Bobb Carr": 1300960,
     "Jon Coon": 128393,
     "William Roundtree": 20010,
     "Chris Wege": 14746
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 1996,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 3762575,
    "votes": {
     "Carl Levin": 2195738,
     "Ronna Romney": 1500106,
     "Kenneth L. Proctor": 36911,
     "William Roundtree": 12235,
     "Joseph S. Mattingly": 11306,
     "Martin P. Mclaughlin": 5975
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2000,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 4167685,
    "votes": {
     "Debbie Stabenow": 2061952,
     "Spencer Abraham": 1994693,
     "Matthew R. Abel": 37542,
     "Michael R. Corliss": 29966,
     "Mark A. Forton": 26274,
     "John Mangopoulos": 11628,
     "William Quarton": 5630
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2002,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 3129287,
    "votes": {
     "Carl Levin": 1896614,
     "Andrew Raczkowski": 1185545,
     "Eric Borregard": 23931,
     "John S. Mangopoulos": 12831,
     "Doug Dern": 10366
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2006,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 3780142,
    "votes": {
     "Debbie Stabenow": 2151278,
     "Michael Bouchard": 1559597,
     "Leonard Schwartz": 27012,
     "David Sole": 23890,
     "W. Dennis Fitzsimons": 18341
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2008,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 4848620,
    "votes": {
     "Carl Levin": 3038386,
     "Jack Hoogendyk": 1641070,
     "Scotty Boman": 76347,
     "Harley G. Mikkelson": 43440,
     "Michael N. Nikitin": 30827,
     "Doug Dern": 18550
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2012,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 4652918,
    "votes": {
     "Debbie Stabenow": 2735826,
     "Pete Hoekstra": 1767386,
     "Scotty Boman": 84480,
     "Harley Mikkelson": 27890,
     "Richard A. Matkin": 26038,
     "John D. Litle": 11229
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2014,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 3121771,
    "votes": {
     "Gary C. Peters": 1704936,
     "Terri Lynn Land": 1290199,
     "Jim Fulner": 62897,
     "Richard A. Matkin": 37529,
     "Chris Wahmhoff": 26137
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2018,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 4237271,
    "votes": {
     "Debbie Stabenow": 2214478,
     "John James": 1938818,
     "Marcia Squier": 40204,
     "George E. Huffman Iii": 27251,
     "John Howard Wilhelm": 16502
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2020,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 5479720,
    "votes": {
     "Gary Peters": 2734568,
     "John James": 2642233,
     "Valerie L. Willis": 50597,
     "Marcia Squier": 39217,
     "Doug Dern": 13093
    }
   },
   {
    "year": 2024,
    "special": false,
    "runoff": false,
    "total": 5577187,
    "votes": {
     "Elissa Slotkin": 2712686,
     "Mike Rogers": 2693680,
     "Joseph Solis-mullen": 56697,
     "Douglas P. Marsh": 53978,
     "Dave Stein": 41363,
     "Doug Dern": 18779
    }
   }
  ],
  "dataset": "senate-results",
  "version": "2026-10-25.247421eda6"
 },
 "table": {
  "title": "Every Senate race since 1976",
  "columns": [
   "Race",
   "Winner",
   "Runner-up",
   "Margin",
   "Votes"
  ],
  "num": [
   3,
   4
  ],
  "rows": [
   [
    "2024",
    "Elissa Slotkin (D) 48.6%",
    "Mike Rogers (R) 48.3%",
    "0.3 pts",
    "5,577,187"
   ],
   [
    "2020",
    "Gary Peters (D) 49.9%",
    "John James (R) 48.2%",
    "1.7 pts",
    "5,479,720"
   ],
   [
    "2018",
    "Debbie Stabenow (D) 52.3%",
    "John James (R) 45.8%",
    "6.5 pts",
    "4,237,271"
   ],
   [
    "2014",
    "Gary C. Peters (D) 54.6%",
    "Terri Lynn Land (R) 41.3%",
    "13.3 pts",
    "3,121,771"
   ],
   [
    "2012",
    "Debbie Stabenow (D) 58.8%",
    "Pete Hoekstra (R) 38.0%",
    "20.8 pts",
    "4,652,918"
   ],
   [
    "2008",
    "Carl Levin (D) 62.7%",
    "Jack Hoogendyk (R) 33.8%",
    "28.8 pts",
    "4,848,620"
   ],
   [
    "2006",
    "Debbie Stabenow (D) 56.9%",
    "Michael Bouchard (R) 41.3%",
    "15.7 pts",
    "3,780,142"
   ],
   [
    "2002",
    "Carl Levin (D) 60.6%",
    "Andrew Raczkowski (R) 37.9%",
    "22.7 pts",
    "3,129,287"
   ],
   [
    "2000",
    "Debbie Stabenow (D) 49.5%",
    "Spencer Abraham (R) 47.9%",
    "1.6 pts",
    "4,167,685"
   ],
   [
    "1996",
    "Carl Levin (D) 58.4%",
    "Ronna Romney (R) 39.9%",
    "18.5 pts",
    "3,762,575"
   ],
   [
    "1994",
    "Spencer Abraham (R) 51.9%",
    "Bobb Carr (D) 42.7%",
    "9.1 pts",
    "3,043,385"
   ],
   [
    "1990",
    "Carl Levin (D) 57.5%",
    "Bill Schuette (R) 41.2%",
    "16.2 pts",
    "2,560,494"
   ],
   [
    "1988",
    "Donald W. Riegle Jr. (D) 60.4%",
    "Jim Dunn (R) 38.5%",
    "21.9 pts",
    "3,505,985"
   ],
   [
    "1984",
    "Carl Levin (D) 51.8%",
    "Jack Lousma (R) 47.2%",
    "4.6 pts",
    "3,700,938"
   ],
   [
    "1982",
    "Donald W. Riegle Jr. (D) 57.7%",
    "Philip E. Ruppe (R) 40.9%",
    "16.9 pts",
    "2,994,334"
   ],
   [
    "1978",
    "Carl Levin (D) 52.1%",
    "Robert P. Griffin (R) 47.9%",
    "4.3 pts",
    "2,846,630"
   ],
   [
    "1976",
    "Donald W. Riegle Jr. (D) 52.5%",
    "Marvin L. Esch (R) 46.8%",
    "5.6 pts",
    "3,490,412"
   ]
  ]
 },
 "api": {
  "now": "/data/places/us-mi/senate.json",
  "source": "https://api.electiondata.dev/v1/senate-results/download/senate-results.csv",
  "source_label": "Every Senate race, every state, from electiondata.dev (live, no key)"
 },
 "generated_at": "2026-10-26T20:05:12+00:00"
}